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Umbhobho okhutshiweyo ongenamthungo
Iinkcukacha ngemveliso:
Ububanzi bangaphandle bombhobho wensimbi 12-377
Ubungqingqwa bodonga lombhobho wentsimbi ye-2-50
Izinto eziqhelekileyo:
10# 0.07~0.13 0.17~0.37 0.35~0.65 ≤0.035 ≤0.035
20# 0.17~0.23 0.17~0.37 0.35~0.65 ≤0.035 ≤0.035
35# 0.32~0.39 0.17~0.37 0.35~0.65 ≤0.035 ≤0.035
45# 0.42~0.50 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.80 ≤0.035 ≤0.035
40cr 0.37~0.44 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.80 ≤0.035 ≤0.035 0.08~1.10
25Mn 0.22~0.2 0.17~0.37 0.70~1.00 ≤0.035 ≤0.035 ≤0.25
37Mn5 0.30~0.39 0.15~0.30 1.20~1.50 ≤0.015 ≤0.020
Intshayelelo:
Umbhobho we-Quilted ongenamthungo luhlobo lwemathiriyeli yombhobho wentsimbi echanekileyo emva komzobo obandayo okanye ukuqengqeleka okushushu.Ngenxa yokuba akukho maleko oksijini kwiindonga zangaphakathi nangaphandle zombhobho wentsimbi ochanekileyo, [1] phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphandle kokuvuza, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ukugqiba okuphezulu, ukugoba okubandayo ngaphandle kokuguqulwa, ukuvutha, ukubetheka ngaphandle kokuqhekeka njalo njalo, isetyenziswa ikakhulu. ukwenzela ukuveliswa kwezixhobo ze-pneumatic okanye i-hydraulic, njengeesilinda okanye iisilinda, ezinokuthi zingenamthungo.Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali zetyhubhu ekhutshiweyo engenamthungo yicarbon C, isilicon Si, manganese Mn, sulphur S, phosphorus P, chromium Cr.
Umbhobho we-Quilted ongenamthungo wamkela iteknoloji yokucubungula
Umbhobho we-quilted seamless usetyenzwa ngokuqengqeleka.Ngenxa yokuxinezeleka okushiyekileyo kwi-surface layer, kuyanceda ukuvala i-micro cracks ebusweni kunye nokuthintela ukwanda kokhukuliseko.Inokuphucula ukuxhathisa umhlwa kunye nokulibazisa isizukulwana okanye ukwandiswa kweentanda zokudinwa, ukuze kuphuculwe amandla okudinwa kombhobho wentsimbi ekhutshiweyo.Ngokwenza ukuqengqeleka, umaleko obandayo osebenza nzima wenziwa kumphezulu wokuqengqeleka, onciphisa i-elastic kunye ne-deformation yeplastiki yendawo yokunxibelelana yeperi yokusila, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukuxhathisa kokunxiba kodonga lwangaphakathi lombhobho wentsimbi okhutshiweyo kunye nokuphepha ukutshisa. ebangelwa kukusila.Emva kokuqengqeleka, ukuncitshiswa koburhabaxa bomphezulu kunokuphucula ipropati efanelekileyo.
Rolling machining luhlobo lwetshiphu yasimahla.Kwiqondo lobushushu eliqhelekileyo, i-deformation yeplastiki yentsimbi isetyenziselwa ukuthambisa uburhabaxa obuncinci bomphezulu womsebenzi ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokutshintsha ubume bomphezulu, iimpawu zoomatshini, imilo kunye nobukhulu.Ngoko ke, le ndlela inokufezekisa iinjongo ezimbini zokupholisa kunye nokomeleza ngexesha elifanayo, elingenako ukwenza ukugaya.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lwendlela yokucubungula esetyenziselwa ukucubungula, kuya kuhlala kukho i-convex efanelekileyo kunye ne-concave amanqaku angalinganiyo kumphezulu weendawo, kunye nesiganeko seendawo eziphakamileyo kunye neentlambo,
Ukuqengqeleka komgaqo wokusetyenzwa: Luhlobo lokugqitywa koxinzelelo, kukusetyenziswa kwesinyithi kwimeko yesiqhelo yobushushu beempawu ezibandayo zeplastiki, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuqengqeleka ukwenza uxinzelelo oluthile kumphezulu wokusebenza, ukuze i-workpiece yentsimbi yomphezulu isebenze. qukuqela, ugcwalise kwintsalela esezantsi yeconcave, kwaye ufezekise uburhabaxa bomgangatho wokusebenzela obuncitshisiweyo.Ngenxa yokuguqulwa kweplastiki yesinyithi eqengqelekayo, ukuqina kwezicubu ezingaphezulu kunye nokuncipha kwengqolowa, ukubunjwa kwefiber exineneyo, kunye nokwakheka koxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, ukuqina kunye namandla, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, ukuxhathisa umhlwa kunye nokuhambelana kwe-corrosion. umphezulu womsebenzi.Ukuqengqeleka yindlela yokwenza iplastiki ngaphandle kokusika.
Umbhobho okhutshiweyo ongenamthungo iingenelo ezininzi:
1, ukuphucula uburhabaxa bomphezulu, uburhabaxa bungafikelela kwiRa≤0.08µ m okanye njalo.
2, uburharha obuchanekileyo, ubungqimba bunokuba ngaphantsi kwe-0.01mm.
I-3, ukuphucula ubulukhuni bomphezulu, ukuguqulwa kwamandla kupheliswa, ubunzima bokwandisa i-HV≥4 °
I-4, emva kokucubungula i-residual stress layer, phucula amandla okudinwa ngama-30%.
I-5, ukuphucula umgangatho wokufaneleka, ukunciphisa ukunxiba, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yamalungu, kodwa iindleko zokucubungula iinxalenye ziyancipha.
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Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo otsalwa ngokubanda
Iinkcukacha ngemveliso:
Ububanzi bangaphandle bombhobho wensimbi 12-377
Ubungqingqwa bodonga lombhobho wentsimbi ye-2-50
Intshayelelo yemveliso:
Ukuze ufumane ubungakanani obuncinci kunye nomgangatho ongcono wemibhobho yensimbi engenamthungo encinci, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-rolling ebandayo, umzobo obandayo okanye ukudibanisa zombini iindlela.I-Cold rolling idla ngokuqhutyelwa kwi-mill-high-high, apho ipayipi yensimbi iqhutywe kwi-annular pass equkethe i-circular groove yecandelo eliguquguqukayo kunye nentloko ye-conical emileyo.Umzobo obandayo udla ngokuqhutywa kwi-0.5 ~ 100T ngetsheyini enye okanye umatshini wokuzoba ngekhonkco eliphindwe kabini.
Umgangatho ophezulu wekhabhoni yesakhiwo sentsimbi ebandayo-umbhobho ongenamthungo, owenziwe ngokukodwa kwiNombolo ye-10, No. 20, No. 35, No. ukucaba kunye nolunye uvavanyo.
Ifomula yokubala ubunzima bombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo otsalwa ngokubanda
I-OD - ubukhulu bodonga)* Ubukhulu bodonga *0.02466=kg/m (ubunzima ngemitha nganye)Izinto zokuzoba ezibandayo:
10#, 20#, 35#, 45#, q345b, 40cr, 42crmo, 35crmo, 30crmo kunye nezinye izinto
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Umbhobho wentsimbi ochanekileyo
Intshayelelo yemveliso:
Umbhobho wentsimbi echanekileyo ubungakanani obukhulu, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, umbhobho ngaphakathi nangaphandle kokugqiba umphezulu, emva kokunyangwa kobushushu bombhobho wentsimbi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendawo akukho filimu ye-oxide, ukuvutha kombhobho wensimbi, ukucanda ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, ukugoba okubandayo ngaphandle kokuguqulwa, kwaye unokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu. , unokwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-deformation enzima kunye nokusebenza okunzulu komatshini.
Imveliso ephambili yeempawu zemibhobho yentsimbi: 10 #, 20 #, 35 #, 45 #, 40cr, 42crmo, 16mn, njl.
Iinkcukacha ngemveliso:
Ububanzi bangaphandle bombhobho wensimbi 12-159
Ubungqingqwa bodonga lombhobho we-2-30
Usetyenziso olusisiseko:
Umbhobho wentsimbi echanekileyo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimoto, izithuthuthu, izithuthi zombane, i-petrochemical, amandla ombane, iinqanawa, i-aerospace, iibheringi, izinto zomoya, ibhoyila ephakathi kunye nephantsi yoxinzelelo lwebhoyila ingenamthungo yombhobho wentsimbi kunye namanye amasimi, ingasetyenziswa kwimikhono yentsimbi, iibheringi. , hydraulic, processing oomatshini kunye nezinye iinkalo!
Inkqubo yokuvelisa:
Inkqubo yokuvelisa umbhobho wentsimbi echanekileyo iyafana neyombhobho oqhelekileyo ongenamthungo, oko kukuthi, kukho inkqubo yokugqibela yokukhetha kunye neyokubanda.
Ukuhamba kwenkqubo yombhobho wentsimbi echanekileyo
Ukufudumeza kwe-tube billet - uhlolo - ulusu - - - ukugqobhoza, ukucolwa, ukucola - ukuthambisa kwe-oyile yomile - isongwe ngokubanda - ukuya - ukusika intloko - ukuhlolwa, ukuchongwa, ukupakishwa kwemveliso egqityiweyo.
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10 # Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo
Iinkcukacha ngemveliso:
Ububanzi bangaphandle bombhobho wensimbi 20-426
Umbhobho wentsimbi ubukhulu bodonga lwe-20-426
Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali:
● Inombolo ye-10 yensimbi engenamthungo yokwakheka kweekhemikhali:
Carbon C: 0.07~0.14″ isilicon Si: 0.17 ~ 0.37 Manganese Mn: 0.35 ~ 0.65 Sulfur S: ≤0.04 Phosphorus P: ≤0.35 chromium Cr: ≤0.15 I-Nickel0 ≤5 ye-Nick0: ≤0.
Ipropathi yoomatshini:
Iimpawu zobuxhakaxhaka beNo. , ubulukhuni: ubushushu,≤156HB, ubungakanani besampulu: 25mm.
Umgangatho ophezulu wekhabhoni yesakhiwo sentsimbi:
No. 10 umbhobho intsimbi ingenamthungo ayiqulathanga ezinye izinto ialloy (ngaphandle izinto ezishiyekileyo) ngaphandle carbon (C) element kunye nomlinganiselo othile lesilicon (Si) for deoxidation (ngokubanzi akukho ngaphezu 0.40%), manganese (Mn) (ngokubanzi hayi ngaphezu kwe-0.80%, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.20%) i-alloy element.
Intsimbi enjalo kufuneka ibe neekhemikhali zombini kunye neempawu zomatshini.Iziqulatho zesulfure (S) kunye nephosphorus (P) zilawulwa ngokubanzi ngaphantsi kwe-0.035%.Ukuba ilawulwa ngaphantsi kwe-0.030%, ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi ephezulu, kwaye "A" kufuneka ifakwe emva kwebanga, njenge-20A;Ukuba i-P ilawulwa ngaphantsi kwe-0.025% kwaye i-S ilawulwa ngaphantsi kwe-0.020%, ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi eyongezelelweyo ephezulu, kwaye "E" kufuneka yongezwe emva kwebanga ukubonisa umehluko.Ukwenzela ezinye izinto ezishiyekileyo zokuxuba eziziswe kwintsimbi ngezinto ezikrwada, ezifana nechromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), ubhedu (Cu), njl., umxholo weCr≤0.25%, Ni≤0.30%, Cu≤0.25%.Ezinye iintlobo zemanganese (Mn) ziqulathe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.40%, ezaziwa njengentsimbi yemanganese.
No. 10 ingenamthungo umbhobho wentsimbi formula wokubala :[(idayamitha yangaphandle - udonga ubukhulu)* udonga ubukhulu]*0.02466=kg/m (ubunzima ngemitha)
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Q345B ityhubhu engenamthungo
Iinkcukacha ngemveliso:
Ububanzi bangaphandle bombhobho wensimbi 20-426
Umbhobho wentsimbi ubukhulu bodonga lwe-20-426
Iimpawu eziphambili:
Iipropathi ezilungileyo ezibanzi zoomatshini, ukubanda, ukubanda, iipropathi ezishushu zokusebenza kunye nokumelana nomhlwa, kunye nokuqina okuhle kobushushu obuphantsi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso:
Iinqanawa, iibhoyila, iinqanawa zoxinzelelo, iitanki zokugcina ioyile, iiBridges, izixhobo zeplanti yamandla, oomatshini bokuphakamisa kunye nezinye izinto zokuwelda ezinemithwalo ephezulu.
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35CrMo ingxubevange yentsimbi umbhobho
Iinkcukacha ngemveliso:
Ububanzi bangaphandle bombhobho wensimbi 20-426
Umbhobho wentsimbi ubukhulu bodonga lwe-20-426
Intshayelelo yemveliso:
Ngokomzekelo, i-40Cr.(Umxholo weCarbon we-35CrMo ingxubevange yombhobho wentsimbi yi-0.32 ~ 0.40, i-silicon 0.17~0.37, i-manganese 0.40 ~ 0.70, i-molybdenum 0.15 ~ 0.25, i-chromium 0.80 ~ 1.10)
② Izinto eziphambili zokudibanisa kwintsimbi, ngaphandle kwezinye izinto ezincinci, zibonakaliswa ngokubanzi ngeepesenti ezininzi.Xa umxholo we-alloy ophakathi ungaphantsi kwe-1.5%, kuphela isimboli se-element siphawulwe ngokubanzi kwinombolo yentsimbi, kodwa kungekhona umxholo.Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, kulula ukubhidanisa, inombolo "1" inokumakishwa emva kwesimboli sento, njengenombolo yensimbi "12CrMoV" kunye ne "12Cr1MoV", umxholo wechromium yangaphambili ngu-0.4-0.6%, kwaye le yokugqibela yi 0.9-1.2%.Yonke enye into iyafana.Xa i-avareji yesiqulatho se-alloying element ≥1.5%, ≥2.5%, ≥3.5%…… “, isimboli ye-elementi kufuneka imakishwe emva komxholo, ingabonakaliswa njengo-2, 3, 4……… njl. Umzekelo, 18Cr2Ni4WA.
③ Izinto ze-alloy ezifana ne-vanadium V, i-titanium Ti, i-aluminiyam AL, i-boron B kunye nomhlaba onqabileyo we-RE kwintsimbi zizinto ze-microalloying elements.Nangona umxholo uphantsi kakhulu, kufuneka zisaphawulwe kwinombolo yentsimbi.Ngokomzekelo, kwintsimbi ye-20MnVB.I-Vanadium yi-0.07-0.12% kunye ne-boron yi-0.001-0.005%.
④ "A" kufuneka yongezwe ekupheleni kwenombolo yentsimbi yezinga eliphezulu lensimbi ukuze lihluke kwintsimbi yezinga eliphezulu.
⑤ Injongo ekhethekileyo ye-alloy structural iron, i-steel number prefix (okanye isimamva) imele injongo yesimboli yentsimbi.Umzekelo, intsimbi ye-30CrMnSi esetyenziselwa ngokukodwa izikrufu ze-riveting ichazwa njenge-ML30CrMnSi.
Ityhubhu ye-alloy kunye netyhubhu engenamthungo zombini zinobudlelwane kunye nomahluko, azinakubhideka.
Umbhobho we-alloy yipayipi yensimbi ngokuhambelana nezinto zokuvelisa (oko kukuthi, izinto eziphathekayo) ukuchaza, njengoko igama libonisa ukuba lenziwe ngombhobho we-alloy;Kunye umbhobho ingenamthungo yintsimbi umbhobho ngokungqinelana nenkqubo yemveliso (ingenamthungo) ukuchaza, eyahlukileyo umbhobho ingenamthungo yi welded umbhobho, kubandakanywa ngqo umthungo welding umbhobho kunye umbhobho spiral.
Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa:
1. Ukuqengqeleka okushushu (umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo) : ityhubhu engqukuva ingenanto → ukufudumeza → ukugqobhoza → ukuqengqeleka kwediagonal ezintathu eziphezulu, ukuqengqeleka okuqhubekayo okanye ukukhutshwa → ukuhluba → ukulinganisa (okanye ukunciphisa) → ukupholisa → ukulungisa → uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic (okanye ukuhlolwa) → ukumakisha → ugcino
2. Umbhobho wentsimbi obandayo (uqengqelekiyo) ongenamthungo: ityhubhu engqukuva ingenanto → ukufudumeza → ukugqobhoza → isihloko → ukuqhola → ukuchola → ukufakwa kwe-oyile (iplate yobhedu) → umzobo obandayo ohamba ngeendlela ezininzi (ukuqengqeleka okubandayo) → ityhubhu engenanto → unyango lobushushu → ukulungisa → uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic (ukuhlolwa) → ukumakisha → ukugcinwa
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30CrMo ingxubevange yentsimbi umbhobho
Iinkcukacha ngemveliso:
Ububanzi bangaphandle bombhobho wensimbi 20-426
Umbhobho wentsimbi ubukhulu bodonga lwe-20-426
Intshayelelo yemveliso:
① Amanani amabini ekuqaleni kwenombolo yentsimbi abonisa umxholo wekhabhoni wentsimbi, kunye nomyinge wekhabhoni wamawaka ambalwa, njenge 40Cr, 30CrMo ingxubevange yombhobho wentsimbi.
② Izinto eziphambili zokudibanisa kwintsimbi, ngaphandle kwezinye izinto ezincinci, zibonakaliswa ngokubanzi ngeepesenti ezininzi.Xa umxholo we-alloy ophakathi ungaphantsi kwe-1.5%, kuphela isimboli se-element siphawulwe ngokubanzi kwinombolo yentsimbi, kodwa kungekhona umxholo.Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, kulula ukubhidanisa, inombolo "1" inokumakishwa emva kwesimboli sento, njengenombolo yensimbi "12CrMoV" kunye ne "12Cr1MoV", umxholo wechromium yangaphambili ngu-0.4-0.6%, kwaye le yokugqibela yi 0.9-1.2%.Yonke enye into iyafana.Xa i-avareji yesiqulatho se-alloying element ≥1.5%, ≥2.5%, ≥3.5%…… “, isimboli ye-elementi kufuneka imakishwe emva komxholo, ingabonakaliswa njengo-2, 3, 4……… njl. Umzekelo, 18Cr2Ni4WA.
③ Izinto ze-alloy ezifana ne-vanadium V, i-titanium Ti, i-aluminiyam AL, i-boron B kunye nomhlaba onqabileyo we-RE kwintsimbi zizinto ze-microalloying elements.Nangona umxholo uphantsi kakhulu, kufuneka zisaphawulwe kwinombolo yentsimbi.Ngokomzekelo, kwintsimbi ye-20MnVB.I-Vanadium yi-0.07-0.12% kunye ne-boron yi-0.001-0.005%.
④ "A" kufuneka yongezwe ekupheleni kwenombolo yentsimbi yezinga eliphezulu lensimbi ukuze lihluke kwintsimbi yezinga eliphezulu.
⑤ Injongo ekhethekileyo ye-alloy structural iron, i-steel number prefix (okanye isimamva) imele injongo yesimboli yentsimbi.Umzekelo, intsimbi ye-30CrMnSi esetyenziselwa ngokukodwa izikrufu ze-riveting ichazwa njenge-ML30CrMnSi.
Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa:
1. Ukuqengqeleka okushushu (umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo) : ityhubhu engqukuva ingenanto → ukufudumeza → ukugqobhoza → ukuqengqeleka kwediagonal ezintathu eziphezulu, ukuqengqeleka okuqhubekayo okanye ukukhutshwa → ukuhluba → ukulinganisa (okanye ukunciphisa) → ukupholisa → ukulungisa → uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic (okanye ukuhlolwa) → ukumakisha → ugcino
2. Umbhobho wentsimbi obandayo (uqengqelekiyo) ongenamthungo: ityhubhu engqukuva ingenanto → ukufudumeza → ukugqobhoza → isihloko → ukuqhola → ukuchola → ukufakwa kwe-oyile (iplate yobhedu) → umzobo obandayo ohamba ngeendlela ezininzi (ukuqengqeleka okubandayo) → ityhubhu engenanto → unyango lobushushu → ukulungisa → uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic (ukuhlolwa) → ukumakisha → ukugcinwa
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I-440 ipleyiti yensimbi engenasici i-440coil yensimbi engenastainless
Ipleyiti yensimbi engenasici inomgangatho ogudileyo, iplastiki ephezulu, ukuqina kunye namandla omatshini, kwaye iyamelana nokubola kweasidi, igesi yealkaline, isisombululo kunye nolunye uhlobo lweendaba.Luhlobo lwentsimbi yealloyi ekungekho lula ukurusa, kodwa alunarusi kwaphela.Ipleyiti yentsimbi engatyiwayo ibhekiselele kwipleyiti yentsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nokudleka kwemithombo yeendaba ebuthathaka efana nomoya, umphunga namanzi, ngelixa ipleyiti yentsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana neasidi ibhekisa kwipleyiti yentsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nokubola kwamajelo osasazo anjengeasidi, ialkali netyuwa.Ipleyiti yensimbi engenastainless inembali engaphezu kwenkulungwane enye ukususela ekuphumeni kwayo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20.
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I-410 ipleyiti yensimbi engenasici, i-coil ye-410 yensimbi engenasici
Ipleyiti yensimbi engenasici inomgangatho ogudileyo, iplastiki ephezulu, ukuqina kunye namandla omatshini, kwaye iyamelana nokubola kweasidi, igesi yealkaline, isisombululo kunye nolunye uhlobo lweendaba.Luhlobo lwentsimbi yealloyi ekungekho lula ukurusa, kodwa alunarusi kwaphela.Ipleyiti yentsimbi engatyiwayo ibhekiselele kwipleyiti yentsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nokudleka kwemithombo yeendaba ebuthathaka efana nomoya, umphunga namanzi, ngelixa ipleyiti yentsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana neasidi ibhekisa kwipleyiti yentsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nokubola kwamajelo osasazo anjengeasidi, ialkali netyuwa.Ipleyiti yensimbi engenastainless inembali engaphezu kwenkulungwane enye ukususela ekuphumeni kwayo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20.
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I-316L ipleyiti yensimbi engenasici, i-316L yensimbi engenasici
Ukumelana ne-corrosion, kunye namandla aphezulu okushisa kwe-316 yensimbi engenasici kuphuculwe kakhulu ngenxa yokongezwa kwe-Mo element.Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunokufikelela kwi-1200-1300 degrees kwaye ingasetyenziselwa phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.
Ukusetyenziswa: izixhobo zamanzi olwandle, iikhemikhali, idayi, ukwenza iphepha, i-oxalic acid, isichumisi kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuvelisa;Ukufota, ishishini lokutya, izibonelelo eziselunxwemeni, iintambo, ii-CD rods, iibholiti, iinuts.
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I-304 ipleyiti yensimbi engenasici 304 ipleyiti yensimbi engenasici
Ipleyiti yensimbi engenastainless umphezulu ogudileyo, kunye neplastiki ephezulu, ukuqina kunye namandla omatshini, iasidi, igesi yealkaline, isisombululo kunye nokunye ukubola kwemidiya.Yintsimbi engavuthwanga lula, kodwa ayinabala.
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I-304L ipleyiti yensimbi engenasici, i-304L yensimbi engenasici
I-304L yintsimbi yendalo yonke engenasici, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza izixhobo kunye neenxalenye ezifuna ukusebenza kakuhle okubanzi (ukumelana nokubola kunye nokubumba.
